Mozart Così fan tutte
Part 1 : 1h30 | Interval : 25min | Part 2 : 1h25
Dramma giocoso in two acts
Music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte
Premiere: Vienna, Burgtheater, 20 January 1790
New Mozart edition, Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel, Basel, London, New York, Praha
Surely, you attended the first and second visit of the Vienna Staatsoper to Monaco! And surely you marvelled as much as we did at the unforgettable beauty of the Vienna Staatsoper Orchestra’s sound and the youthful freshness of the company’s soloists. Now, they return with Così fan tutte, the third and last part of Mozart’s famous da Ponte Trilogy, performed in a semi-staged version at the Grimaldi Forum.
Whereas Le nozze di Figaro is based on Beaumarchais’ comedy, and Don Giovanni on a play attributed to Tirso de Molina, the story of Così fan tutte seems to be Lorenzo da Ponte’s invention. For many years, Emperor Joseph II was thought to have suggested its subject to Mozart, but more recently sketches from the first act have been found which give evidence that da Ponte first provided the libretto to composer Antonio Salieri.
For much of the 19th and 20th centuries, this opera was seen as inferior because its topic was considered immoral – two friends seducing one another’s fiancée in order to test their fidelity. But the philosophical question put before us remains relevant especially in our more permissive time: is eternal love a fantasy, or can it be real? Will Mozart’s sublime music help you come to a conclusion?
Concert Performance of Wiener Staatsoper
Director Bogdan Roščić
Commercial Director Petra Bohuslav
wiener-staatsoper.at
Orchestra of Wiener Staatsoper
Five facts to discover before the curtain rises
1
In opera, a composer-librettist duo accustomed to working together is often the essential ingredient for a masterpiece. Carmen is the result of the collaboration between two friends: Georges Bizet and Ludovic Halévy. Verdi composed few operas without his indispensable Francesco Maria Piave. And what about the Mozart-da Ponte duo? Brought together by Emperor Joseph II, they created three monuments of the classical repertoire: Le Nozze di Figaro, Don Giovanni, and Così fan Tutte.
2
Undoubtedly one of Mozart's greatest operatic successes, Così fan Tutte was almost wiped from memory by a major event in Vienna a few weeks after its premiere: the death of Emperor Joseph II, which suspended performances. The strength of a masterpiece is its ability to withstand the test of time and the contingencies of the era, and Così fan Tutte has established itself as one of the three or four most performed Mozart operas in the world.
3
While Le Nozze di Figaro is adapted from a play by Beaumarchais, and Don Giovanni is based on a drama by Molière, Così fan Tutte draws its inspiration from real life: a news item that amused the whole of Vienna and made headlines in the 1780s. The story of two captains from the city of Trieste who had embarked on a crazy bet to swap wives was circulating throughout the city! Mixed with Comedia dell'arte and a few misunderstandings, the juicy anecdote became a dramatic masterpiece.
4
Continuing the revolution begun by Gluck a few years earlier, the succession of arias interspersed with recitatives and a few duets or trios is completely overturned in Così fan Tutte. The opera features fifteen ensembles compared to only twelve solo arias, making it one of Mozart's most collective works, if not in all of opera literature.
5
In one of the opera's most delightful misunderstandings, Despina, disguised as a fake doctor, pretends to treat Guglielmo, who himself pretends to have poisoned himself. Offering poor advice, this character is a thinly veiled criticism of charlatans. These dubious practitioners were a rampant evil in Vienna at the time, practicing questionable medicine based on far-fetched theories. One of these was “animal magnetism,” which was every bit as fantastical as the midi-chlorians of Star Wars.
Act I
In a tavern in Naples.
Guglielmo and Ferrando, two young soldiers convinced that their fiancées are models of fidelity, talk with Alfonso, a cynical and disillusioned old man. The conversation turns to the fidelity of women, which the two men firmly believe in—unlike their interlocutor, who claims that fidelity is an illusion he has spent his life deluding himself with. The three men make a bold bet: each of the two heroes must try to seduce the other's fiancée. If they succeed, they will have lost. If the young women prove faithful, Alfonso will have learned a lesson and will have to pay 100 sequins to the two officers.
In their garden, Fiordiligi and Dorabella—the fiancées who are the object of the wager—gaze at portraits of their beloveds, swearing eternal love. Alfonso appears, bringing the sisters some very sad news: Guglielmo and Ferrando have been called to war and must leave the city immediately. After a heartbreaking farewell scene, the four lovers renew their vows, rekindling the spirits of the two young men, who are already convinced they have won their bet. But old Alfonso hasn’t had his final say...
Despina, Fiordiligi and Dorabella’s maid, also doubts the constancy of love. At Alfonso’s instigation—he pays her to stir up trouble—she sows seeds of doubt in the young women’s minds. Despite the absence and the distance, they each insist they will never break their vows. That’s when two strangers arrive: men whom Alfonso introduces as old friends. In fact, they are Guglielmo and Ferrando in disguise. Despite the strangers’ persistent courtship and advances, Fiordiligi and Dorabella remain faithful, even when the two “foreigners” pretend to have poisoned themselves in despair at their “goddesses’” rejection. The sisters, moved by such a show of love and duped by Despina disguised as a doctor, nevertheless refuse to grant the kiss that would complete their cure.
Act II
At Fiordiligi and Dorabella’s house.
As the young women grow increasingly doubtful of their own resolve, Alfonso, through a clever stratagem, brings the disguised suitors back into their lives, sending each sister on a separate walk—with very different outcomes. On one side: Ferrando and Fiordiligi. On the other: Guglielmo and Dorabella. While the first encounter leads nowhere, the second sees Dorabella give in to her suitor’s advances.
The two men meet to share their experiences. Guglielmo is pleased he hasn’t been betrayed, and with smug pride declares that someone as charming as himself could never be. Ferrando, by contrast, is devastated. Alfonso reappears and reminds them not to count their chickens before they hatch…
Meanwhile, the sisters argue: Fiordiligi reproaches Dorabella for allowing herself to be swept away by love. As they try to come up with a plan to salvage their relationships, Ferrando arrives—and manages to seduce the virtuous Fiordiligi. Guglielmo, hidden, witnesses the scene and fumes with anger. The bet is lost, and the lesson a bitter one.
The final scene is a wedding, where the two newly formed couples —the sisters and their new lovers—are about to be wed. But a fanfare interrupts the farce: it announces the return of the regiment where the “real” Guglielmo and Ferrando are supposedly serving. In a last-ditch deception, which fails miserably, the truth is revealed to everyone—including Despina, now disguised as a notary meant to officiate the wedding. The couples reunite, and all’s well that ends well!
Conductor
Patrick Lange
Stage director
Lisa Padouvas
Choirmaster
Stefano Visconti
Pianist
Richard Schwennicke
Fiordiligi
Adriana Gonzalez
Dorabella
Samantha Hankey
Despina
Cecilia Bartoli
Guglielmo
Peter Kellner
Ferrando
Filipe Manu
Don Alfonso
Alessandro Corbelli
WIENER STAATSOPER
Director
Bogdan Roscic
Tour Manager
Stephanie Wippel
Deputy Tour Manager
Helena Bilgeri
Orchestra Manager
Christine Honolke
Head of Scenic Staff
Katharina Strommer
Pianist/Fortepiano
Richard Schwennicke
Orchestra Technicians
Martin Stangl
Oliver Stangl
Doctor
Felicitas Schönauer
Luthier
Wilfried Ramsaier
First violin
Albena Danailova (concert master)
Luka Ljubas
Thomas Küblböck
Martin Kubik
Martin Zalodek
Jun Keller
Isabelle Ballot
Katharina Engelbrecht
Georg Wimmer
Elena Krylova
Seconds violins
David Kessler
Holger Tautscher-Groh
Alexander Steinberger
Ben Lea
Dominik Hellsberg
Hannah Cho
Assia Weisman
Philipp Krylov
Viola
Tobias Lea
Robert Bauerstatter
Innokenti Grabko
Michael Strasser
Tilman Kühn
Christoph Hammer
Cello
Peter Somodari (soloist)
Raphael Flieder
Eckart Schwarz-Schulz
Teodora Ivanova
Double Bass
Christoph Wimmer-Schenkel (soloist)
Iztok Hrastnik
Valerie Adele Schatz
Flute
Karl-Heinz Schütz (leader)
Wolfgang Zuser
Oboe
Paul Blüml (leader)
Herbert Maderthaner
Clarinet
Gregor Hinterreiter (leader)
Alex Ladstätter
Bassoon
Lukas Schmid (leader)
Benedikt Dinkhauser
Horn
Josef Reif (leader)
Wolfgang Lintner
Trumpet
Daniel Schinnerl-Schlaffer (leader)
Gotthard Eder
Percussion
Anton Mittermayr
Banda Percussion
Dominik Palla
CHOIR OF THE OPÉRA DE MONTE-CARLO
Choirmaster
Stefano Visconti
Pianist assistant to the chorus master & consultant for the musical organisation
Aurelio Scotto
Chorus manager & librarian
Colette Audat
Sopranos I
Galia BAKALOV
Antonella CESARIO
Chiara IAIA
Giovanna MINNITI
Felicity MURPHY
Ronja Weyhenmeyer
Sopranos II
Rossella ANTONACCI
VITTORIA GIACOBAZZI
Valérie MARRET
Letizia PIANIGIANI
Laura Maria ROMO CONTRERAS
Mezzosopranos
Carla Mattioli
Géraldine MELAC
Suma MELLANO
Federica SPATOLA
Altos
Maria Carmen Ciuffreda
ORNELLA CORVI
Maria-Elisabetta DE GIORGI
Catia PIZZI
Rosa TORTORA
Tenors I
Walter BARBARIA
Francis Joseph Biyong Nguene
Lorenzo CALTAGIRONE
Vincenzo DI NOCERA
Thierry DIMEO
Nicolo LA FARCIOLA
Tenors II
Andrea Civetta
Fabio MARZI
Manuel Murabito
Adolfo SCOTTO DI LUZIO
Salvatore TAIELLO
Baritone
Przemyslaw Baranek
Fabio BONAVITA
Giulio Ceccarelli
Vincenzo CRISTOFOLI
Basses
Stefano Arnaudo
Daniele Del Bue
Edgardo RINALDI
Matthew THISTLETON
Giuseppe Zema